The perfective future indicative tense describes a single occurrence in the future, which is based on the known state of affairs (→ indicative mood). This Persian tense is called “future simple” in other grammar references. However, it has perfective aspect and contrasts with the imperfective future tense. Classically, Persian distinguishes between past and non-past tenses. The present and future are expressed with the same tenses leaving it to context to indicate the exact time. Consequently, perfective future can be expressed with perfective present. Nevertheless, there has developed a modal structure in written Persian that can be used to exclusively express future. This structure is not used in spoken Persian and it is not common in Classical Persian.
Formation
The perfective future indicative is formed according to the following pattern:
| Auxiliary خواستن in perfective present |
Apocopated infinitive |
The apocopated form of an infinitive is obtained by removing “-an” from the end. The following table shows the conjugation of خواستن (“xwâstan”; to want, to will) in perfective present.
| 1S | خواهم
xwâham |
1P | خواهیم
xwâhim |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2S | خواهی
xwâhi |
2P | خواهید
xwâhid |
| 3S | خواهد
xwâhad |
3P | خواهند
xwâhand |
Conjugation
Simple verbs
- Verb: رفتن (“raftan”; to go)
- Apocopated infinitive: رفت (“raft”)
| 1S | خواهم رفت
xwâham raft I will go |
|---|---|
| 2S | خواهی رفت
xwâhi raft You will go |
| 3S | خواهد رفت
xwâhad raft He/She/It will go |
| 1P | خواهیم رفت
xwâhim raft We will go |
| 2P | خواهید رفت
xwâhid raft You will go |
| 3P | خواهند رفت
xwâhand raft They will go |
Compound verbs
- Verb: کار کردن (“kâr kardan”; to work)
- Preverb: کار (“kâr”)
- Apocopated infinitive: کرد (“kard”)
| 1S | کار خواهم کرد
kâr xwâham kard I will work |
|---|---|
| 2S | کار خواهی کرد
kâr xwâhi kard You will work |
| 3S | کار خواهد کرد
kâr xwâhad kard He/She/It will work |
| 1P | کار خواهیم کرد
kâr xwâhim kard We will work |
| 2P | کار خواهید کرد
kâr xwâhid kard You will work |
| 3P | کار خواهند کرد
kâr xwâhand kard They will work |
Examples
| فردا باران خواهد آمد
Fardâ bârân xwâhad âmad It will rain tomorrow |
| امشب به تو زنگ خواهد زد
Emšab be to zang xwâhad zad He will call you tonight |
| یک ماه در ایران خواهیم ماند
Yek mâh dar Irân xwâhim mând We will stay in Iran for a month |
Negative conjugation
The negative form of perfective future indicative is constructed by prefixing ن (“na”) to the auxiliary verb.
| 1S | نخواهم رفت
naxwâham raft |
|---|---|
| 2S | نخواهی رفت
naxwâhi raft |
| 3S | نخواهد رفت
naxwâhad raft |
| 1P | نخواهیم رفت
naxwâhim raft |
| 2P | نخواهید رفت
naxwâhid raft |
| 3P | نخواهند رفت
naxwâhand raft |
| 1S | کار نخواهم کرد
kâr naxwâham kard |
|---|---|
| 2S | کار نخواهی کرد
kâr naxwâhi kard |
| 3S | کار نخواهد کرد
kâr naxwâhad kard |
| 1P | کار نخواهیم کرد
kâr naxwâhim kard |
| 2P | کار نخواهید کرد
kâr naxwâhid kard |
| 3P | کار نخواهند کرد
kâr naxwâhand kard |