The present perfect indicative tense describes a completed action in the past that has relevance to present or future (→ perfect aspect) and is based on the known state of affairs (→ indicative mood).
Formation
The present perfect indicative is formed according to the following pattern:
Conjugation
Simple verbs
- Verb: رفتن (“raftan”; to go)
- Past participle: رفته (“rafte”; gone)
| 1S | رفته‌ام
rafteam I have gone |
|---|---|
| 2S | رفته‌ای
raftei You have gone |
| 3S | رفته
rafte He/She/It has gone |
| 1P | رفته‌ایم
rafteim We have gone |
| 2P | رفته‌اید
rafteid You have gone |
| 3P | رفته‌اند
rafteand They have gone |
Compound verbs
- Verb: کار کردن (“kâr kardan”; to work)
- Preverb: کار (“kâr”)
- Past participle: کرده (“karde”)
| 1S | کار کرده‌ام
kâr kardeam I have worked |
|---|---|
| 2S | کار کرده‌ای
kâr kardei You have worked |
| 3S | کار کرده
kâr karde He/She/It has worked |
| 1P | کار کرده‌ایم
kâr kardeim We have worked |
| 2P | کار کرده‌اید
kâr kardeid You have worked |
| 3P | کار کرده‌اند
kâr kardeand They have worked |
Negative conjugation
The negative form of the present perfect tense is constructed by adding ن (“na-”) before the past participle.
| 1S | نرفته‌ام
narafteam I have not gone |
|---|---|
| 2S | نرفته‌ای
naraftei You have not gone |
| 3S | نرفته
narafte He/She/It has not gone |
| 1P | نرفته‌ایم
narafteim We have not gone |
| 2P | نرفته‌اید
narafteid You have not gone |
| 3P | نرفته‌اند
narafteand They have not gone |
| 1S | کار نکرده‌ام
kâr nakardeam I have not worked |
|---|---|
| 2S | کار نکرده‌ای
kâr nakardei You have not worked |
| 3S | کار نکرده
kâr nakarde He/She/It has not worked |
| 1P | کار نکرده‌ایم
kâr nakardeim We have not worked |
| 2P | کار نکرده‌اید
kâr nakardeid You have not worked |
| 3P | کار نکرده‌اند
kâr nakardeand They have not worked |
Examples
| مهمانهایمان رسیده‌اند
Mehmânhâ-yemân resideand Our guests have arrived |
| هنوز تصمیم نگرفته‌اند
Hanuz tasmim nagerefteand They haven’t decided yet |
| آن فیلم را چند بار دیده‌ام
Ân film râ čand bâr dideam I have seen that movie several times |
| دو سال اینجا کار کرده
Do sâl injâ kâr karde He has worked here for two years |
| ده روز است که او را ندیده‌ام
Dah ruz ast ke u râ nadideam I have not seen him for ten days |
| این بهترین کتابی است که تا کنون خوانده‌ام
In behtarin ketâb-i ast ke tâ konun xwândeam This is the best book that I have ever read |
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