The present perfect progressive indicative tense describes an ongoing occurrence (→ progressive aspect) in the past that has relevance to present time (→ perfect aspect) and is based on the known state of affairs (→ indicative mood). It combines the meanings expressed by past progressive and present perfect. The present perfect progressive tense is mainly used in spoken Persian of Iran. In written Persian, the imperfective present perfect tense or progressive structures are used instead.
Formation
The present perfect progressive tense is formed according to the following pattern:
| auxiliary verb داشتن in
present perfect |
main verb in
imperfective present perfect |
The above pattern can be expanded to:
| داشتن in
present perfect |
می
(mi-) |
past participle | secondary ending |
Conjugation
Simple verbs
- Verb: رفتن (“raftan”; to go)
- Past participle: رفته (“rafte”; gone)
| 1S | داشته‌ام می‌رفته‌ام
dâšteam mirafteam I have been going |
|---|---|
| 2S | داشته‌ای می‌رفته‌ای
dâštei miraftei You have been going |
| 3S | داشته می‌رفته
dâšte mirafte He/She/It has been going |
| 1P | داشته‌ایم می‌رفته‌ایم
dâšteim mirafteim We have been going |
| 2P | داشته‌اید می‌رفته‌اید
dâšteid mirafteid You have been going |
| 3P | داشته‌اند می‌رفته‌اند
dâšteand mirafteand They have been going |
Compound verbs
- Verb: کار کردن (“kâr kardan”; to work)
- Preverb: کار (“kâr”)
- Past participle: کرده (“karde”)
| 1S | داشته‌ام کار می‌کرده‌ام
dâšteam kâr mikardeam I have been working |
|---|---|
| 2S | داشته‌ای کار می‌کرده‌ای
dâštei kâr mikardei You have been working |
| 3S | داشته کار می‌کرده
dâšte kâr mikarde He/She/It has been working |
| 1P | داشته‌ایم کار می‌کرده‌ایم
dâšteim kâr mikardeim We have been working |
| 2P | داشته‌اید کار می‌کرده‌اید
dâšteid kâr mikardeid You have been working |
| 3P | داشته‌اند کار می‌کرده‌اند
dâšteand kâr mikardeand They have been working |
Negative conjugation
The progressive aspect is only used when an action is ongoing during a specified time. Therefore, it does not have negative form. Instead, the equivalent imperfective tense is used. Regarding the present perfect progressive tense, its imperfective counterpart is imperfective present perfect.
| Affirmative
(present perfect progressive) |
Negative
(imperfective present perfect) |
|---|---|
| داشته‌ام می‌رفته‌ام
dâšteam mirafteam I have been going |
نمی‌رفته‌ام
nemirafteam I have not been going |
| داشته‌ام کار می‌کرده‌ام
dâšteam kâr mikardeam I have been working |
کار نمی‌کرده‌ام
kâr nemikardeam I have not been working |
Examples
| نمی‌دانم چه کار داشته می‌کرده
Nemidânam če kâr dâšte mikarde I don’t know what she has been doing |
| تمام روز داشته کتاب می‌خوانده
Tamâm-e ruz dâšte ketâb mixwânde She has been reading that book all day |
| داشته‌اند در کتابخانه درس می‌خوانده‌اند
Dâšteand dar ketâbxâne dars mixwândeand They have been studying at the library |