Table of Contents

• Preface

Introduction

• History of Persian
• Names and Variants of Persian

Writing System

• Abjad Writing System
• Letters and Pronunciation
• Cursive Forms of Letters
• Vowel Marking
• Diphthong Marking
• Pronunciation Tips

Phonology and Phonotactics

• Persian Phonology
• Glottal Stop
• Syllables and Syllabification
• Gemination
• Stress Position
• Enclitics
• Vowel Hiatus and Epenthesis
• Phoneme Reduction

Nouns

• Gender of Nouns
• Plural of Nouns
• Animate and Inanimate Plurals
• Plural of Variety
• Plurality After Numbers
• Classifiers and Massifiers

Adjectives

• Adjectives
• Nominalized Adjectives
• Order of Adjectives
• Comparative Adjectives
• Superlative Adjectives
• Comparison of Equality

Grammatical Phrases

• Noun Phrase

Articles

• The Definite Article
• The Indefinite Article

Demonstratives

• Demonstrative Adjectives
• Demonstrative Pronouns
• Demonstrative Adverbs

Personal Pronouns

• Free Personal Pronouns
• Bound Personal Pronouns

Possessives

• Possessive Adjectives
• Possessive Pronouns

Cases and Adpositions

• Word Order
• Adpositions
• Grammatical Cases
• The Genitive Case
• The Accusative Case
• The Dative Case
• The Ablative Case
• The Locative Case
• The Instrumental Case
• The Vocative Case

Numerals

• Cardinal Numbers
• Ordinal Numbers

Adverbs

• Adverbs
• Formation of Adverbs

Infinitives and Stems

• Infinitive of a Verb
• Simple and Compound Verbs
• Stems of a Verb
• Formation of Verbs
• Classification of Irregular Verbs

Participles

• Participles of a Verb
• Past Active Participle
• Past Passive Participle
• Present Active Participle
• Present Passive Participle
• Future Active Participle
• Future Passive Participle

Conjugation

• Grammatical Persons
• Personal Endings
• Grammatical Moods
• Grammatical Aspects
• Grammatical Tense
• Indicative Past Simple
• Indicative Past Imperfective
• Indicative Past Progressive
• Indicative Past Narrative
• Indicative Past Narrative Imperfective
• Indicative Past Narrative Progressive
• Indicative Past Precedent
• Indicative Past Precedent Imperfective
• Indicative Past Precedent Progressive
• Indicative Past Precedent Narrative
• Indicative Past Precedent Narrative Imperfective
• Indicative Past Precedent Narrative Progressive
• Indicative Present Simple
• Indicative Present Imperfective
• Indicative Present Progressive
• Indicative Future
• Subjunctive Past Narrative
• Subjunctive Past Narrative Imperfective
• Subjunctive Past Precedent Narrative
• Subjunctive Past Precedent Narrative Imperfective
• Subjunctive Present
• Imperative Mood
• Passive Voice
• Pronominal Verbs
• Conjugation in Spoken Persian