Table of Contents

• Preface

Introduction

• History of Persian language
• Names and variants of Persian

Writing system

• Abjad writing system
• Letters and pronunciation
• Cursive forms of letters
• Vowel marking
• Diphthong marking
• Pronunciation tips

Phonology and phonotactics

• Persian phonology
• Glottal stop
• Syllables and syllabification
• Gemination
• Stress position
• Enclitics
• Vowel hiatus and epenthesis
• Phoneme reduction

Nouns

• Gender of nouns
• Plural of nouns
• Animate and inanimate plurals
• Plural of variety
• Plurality after numbers
• Classifiers and massifiers

Adjectives

• Adjectives
• Nominalized adjectives
• Order of adjectives
• Comparative adjectives
• Superlative adjectives
• Comparison of equality

Grammatical phrases

• Noun phrase

Articles

• The definite article
• The indefinite article

Demonstratives

• Demonstrative adjectives
• Demonstrative pronouns
• Demonstrative adverbs

Personal pronouns

• Free personal pronouns
• Bound personal pronouns

Possessives

• Possessive adjectives
• Possessive pronouns

Cases and adpositions

• Word order
• Adpositions
• Grammatical cases
• The genitive case
• The accusative case
• The dative case
• The ablative case
• The locative case
• The instrumental case
• The vocative case

Numerals

• Cardinal numbers
• Ordinal numbers

Adverbs

• Adverbs
• Formation of adverbs

Infinitives and stems

• Infinitive of a verb
• Simple and compound verbs
• Stems of a verb
• Formation of verbs
• Classification of irregular verbs

Participles

• Participles of a verb
• Past active participle
• Past passive participle
• Present active participle
• Present passive participle
• Future active participle
• Future passive participle

Conjugation

• Grammatical persons
• Personal endings
• Grammatical moods
• Grammatical aspects
• Grammatical tense
• Indicative past simple
• Indicative past imperfective
• Indicative past progressive
• Indicative past narrative
• Indicative past narrative imperfective
• Indicative past narrative progressive
• Indicative past precedent
• Indicative past precedent imperfective
• Indicative past precedent progressive
• Indicative past precedent narrative
• Indicative past precedent narrative imperfective
• Indicative past precedent narrative progressive
• Indicative present simple
• Indicative present imperfective
• Indicative present progressive
• Indicative future simple
• Indicative future imperfective
• Indicative future progressive
• Indicative future narrative
• Indicative future precedent
• Subjunctive past narrative
• Subjunctive past narrative imperfective
• Subjunctive past precedent narrative
• Subjunctive past precedent narrative imperfective
• Subjunctive present simple
• Imperative present simple
• Imperative past narrative
• Passive voice
• Pronominal verbs
• Conjugation in spoken Persian