Some dialects of Persian have future tenses that are not considered a part of standard language. Among them, a future perfect tense that can be called future precedent (âyande-ye pishin). It describes an action that will be complete before a particular time in the future.
Formation
past participle of main verb + auxiliary verb budan (to be) in future simple
| rafte khwâham bud | I will have gone |
|---|---|
| rafte khwâhi bud | You will have gone |
| rafte khwâhad bud | He/She/It will have gone |
| rafte khwâhim bud | We will have gone |
| rafte khwâhid bud | You will have gone |
| rafte khwâhand bud | They will have gone |
Relationship
Look at the relation between tenses made from past participle and the auxiliary «budan» conjugated in different tenses.
| Tense | Equivalent | Literally |
|---|---|---|
| rafte + budam | I had gone | I was gone. In French: j'étais allé |
| rafte + budeam | - | I have been gone |
| rafte + bude budam | - | I had been gone. In French: je fus allé (passé antérieur) |
| rafte + am | I have gone | I am gone. In French: je suis allé |
| rafte + khwâham bud | I will have gone | I will be gone. In French: je serai allé |
| rafte + bâsham | - | A past subjunctive tense. In French: que je sois allé (passé du subjonctif) |
| rafte + bude bâsham | - | A past subjunctive tense. In French: que je fusse allé (plus-que-parfait du subjonctif) |
All of these tenses have an imperfect form that is formed by prefixing mi- to past participle. None of these imperfect tenses have an equivalent in English, French, Spanish, … However, if you understand the concept of imperfect aspect, it isn't hard to get the gist of them. Persian has a simple yet highly productive tense formation.
| Tense | Equivalent |
|---|---|
| mirafte + budam | covers «I had been going» |
| mirafte + am | covers «I have been going» |
| mirafte + khwâham bud | covers «I will have been going» |