- How is the indicative past simple tense formed?
- How is its negative conjugation formed?
- What is the equivalent English tense?
The indicative past simple is a past tense with an indicative mood and a simple aspect. It is formed according to the following pattern:
Conjugation
Simple verbs
- Infinitive: رفتن (raftan: to go)
- Past stem: رفت (raft)
| 1S | رفتم raftam I went |
|---|---|
| 2S | رفتی rafti You went |
| 3S | رفت raft He/She went |
| 1P | رفتیم raftim We went |
| 2P | رفتید raftid You went |
| 3P | رفتند raftand They went |
Compound verbs
- Verb: کار کردن (kâr kardan: to work)
- Preverb: کار (kâr: work)
- Infinitive: کردن (kardan: to do)
- Past stem: کرد (kard)
| 1S | کار کردم kâr kardam I worked |
|---|---|
| 2S | کار کردی kâr kardi You worked |
| 3S | کار کرد kâr kard He/She worked |
| 1P | کار کردیم kâr kardim We worked |
| 2P | کار کردید kâr kardid You worked |
| 3P | کار کردند kâr kardand They worked |
Negative conjugation
The negative form of the past simple tense is constructed by prefixing ن (na) to the past stem.
| 1S | نرفتم naraftam I did not go |
|---|---|
| 2S | نرفتی narafti You did not go |
| 3S | نرفت naraft He/She did not go |
| 1P | نرفتیم naraftim We did not go |
| 2P | نرفتید naraftid You did not go |
| 3P | نرفتند naraftand They did not go |
| 1S | کار نکردم kâr nakardam I did not work |
|---|---|
| 2S | کار نکردی kâr nakardi You did not work |
| 3S | کار نکرد kâr nakard He/She did not work |
| 1P | کار نکردیم kâr nakardim We did not work |
| 2P | کار نکردید kâr nakardid You did not work |
| 3P | کار نکردند kâr nakardand They did not work |
Examples
This tense is equivalent to English past simple.
| دیروز صبح، علی را دیدم Diruz sobh, Ali râ didam I saw Ali yesterday morning |
| پارسال، به ایران سفر کردم Pârsâl, be Irân safar kardam Last year, I traveled to Iran |
| ماشینش را شست Mâshin-ash râ shost She washed her car |
| جلسه نزدیک دو ساعت طول کشید Jalase nazdik-e do sâat tul keshid The meeting lasted about two hours |