The present active participle is formed by adding نده (-ande) to the present stem of a verb. If the present stem ends in a vowel, then the epenthetic consonant ی (-y-) is added to resolve vowel hiatus.
| Infinitive | Present stem | Present participle |
|---|---|---|
| گفتن goftan to say, tell |
گو gu |
گوینده guyande speaker |
| دیدن didan to see |
بین bin |
بیننده binande viewer; spectator |
| شنیدن šenidan to hear |
شنو šenav |
شنونده šenavande listener; audience |
| راندن rândan to drive |
ران rân |
راننده rânande driver |
| بردن bordan to win |
بر bar |
برنده barande winner; winning |
| دویدن davidan to run |
دو dav |
دونده davande runner |
| شستن šostan to wash |
شو šu |
شوینده šuyande washer; detergent |
| آمدن (âmadan) to come |
آ â |
آینده (âyande) coming, next; future |
Apocopated present participle
The suffix “-ande” is often omitted in compound verbs resulting in an apocopated participle:
| Verb | Present Stem | Derivation |
|---|---|---|
| بازی کردن (bâzi kardan) to play |
بازی+کن (bâzi+kon) |
بازیکن (bâzikon) player |