- How is a present passive participle formed?
- What meanings does it convey?
The passive voice is formed from past active participle and the auxiliary verb شدن (shodan). Similarly, the present passive participle of a verb is formed from its past active participle and شونده (shavande), which is the present active participle of شدن.
Infinitive | Past active participle | Present passive participle |
---|---|---|
بستن bastan to close |
بسته baste closed |
بستهشونده basteshavande that is being closed |
Regarding compound verbs made with کردن (kardan), the present passive participle is formed by replacing کردن (kardan) with شونده (shavande).
Infinitive | Past passive participle |
---|---|
نقد کردن naghd kardan to criticize |
نقدشونده naghdshavande who is being criticized |
باز کردن bâz kardan to open |
بازشونده bâzshavande that is being opened |
پاک کردن pâk kardan to clean |
پاکشونده pâkshavande that is being cleaned |