- What are bound personal pronouns?
- When do they function as possessive adjectives?
- When do they function as object pronouns?
Bound personal pronouns are enclitic. They are never used alone. They are bound by their preceding word and form syllable with it.
| Person | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| 1st | م am | مان emân |
| 2nd | ت at | تان etân |
| 3rd | ش ash | شان eshân |
Bound personal pronouns fulfill different functions depending on the word they come after.
Possessive adjectives
When bound pronouns come after a noun (phrase), they function as possessive adjectives:
| پدرم pedar-am my father |
| مادرت mâdar-at your mother |
If the preceding word ends in a long vowel, a -y- appears between the word and the pronoun:
| صدایت sedâ-yat your voice |
| عمویت amu-yat your uncle |
Object Pronoun
When bound pronouns come after a verb, they function as an object pronouns:
| دیدمش didam-ash I saw him/her/it |
| فردا میبینمت fardâ mibinam-at See you tomorrow |
After Prepositions
Bound pronouns are also used with prepositions, especially in spoken Persian:
| برایمان barâ-yemân for us |
| ازم az-am from me |