The passive voice is constructed from the past participle of a verb and the auxiliary verb شدن (“šodan”; to get, become) conjugated in the target tense.
Simple verbs
The following table demonstartes the passive conjugation of ساختن (“sâxtan”; to make, to build) for third-person singular in various tenses:
| INDICATIVE MOOD | ||
|---|---|---|
| Perfective past | ساخته شد sâxte šod |
It was built |
| Present perfect | ساخته شده sâxte šodeast |
It has been built |
| Past precedent | ساخته شده بود sâxte šode bud |
It had been built |
| Imperfective present | ساخته می‌شود sâxte mišavad |
It is built It is being built |
| Perfective future | ساخته خواهد شد sâxte xwâhad šod |
It will be built |
| SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD | ||
| Perfective Present | ساخته بشود sâxte bešavad |
- |
| Present perfect | ساخته شده باشد sâxte šode bâšad |
- |
Compound verbs
Regarding compound verbs, if the verb is کردن e.g. باز کردن (“bâz kardan”), the passive voice is constructed by replacing کردن with شدن and then, conjugating the new verb i.e. باز شدن (“bâz šodan”) in the target tense:
| INDICATIVE MOOD | ||
|---|---|---|
| Perfective past | باز شد bâz šod |
It was opened |
| Present perfect | باز شده bâz šodeast |
It has been opened |
| Past precedent | باز شده بود bâz šode bud |
It had been opened |
| Imperfective present | باز می‌شود bâz mišavad |
It is opened It is being opened |
| Perfective future | باز خواهد شد bâz xwâhad šod |
It will be opened |
| SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD | ||
| Perfective present | باز بشود bâz bešavad |
- |
| Present perfect | باز شده باشد bâz šode bâšad |
- |
Auxiliary verbs
In addition to شدن, there are other auxiliary verbs for constructing the passive voice. The verbs گشتن (“gaštan”; to turn) and گردیدن (“gardidan”; to turn) are used in written Persian.
| ساخته شد sâxte šod |
ساخته گشت sâxte gašt |
ساخته گردید sâxte gardid |
It was built |
| باز شد bâz šod |
باز گشت bâz gašt |
باز گردید bâz gardid |
It was opened |