Persian suffix اندن (-ândan) is actually, a compound suffix comprised of suffix ان (-ân) and verb-making suffix یدن. It exists both as انیدن (-ânidan) and اندن (-ândan) but the latter is more prevalent. It is used to make causative verbs. These verbs indicate “to cause to do”, “to make do”, etc. For example, tars means “fear”, tarsidan means “to fear” and its causative form tarsândan means “to frighten” i.e. “to cause somebody to be afraid, to make somebody feel afraid”.
| Word | Derivation |
|---|---|
| ترس tars fear | ترساندن tarsândan to frighten |
| جوش juš boiling | جوشاندن jušândan to make boil |
| خشک xošk dry | خشکاندن xoškândan to cause to become dry |
| رقص raǧs dance | رقصاندن raǧsândan to make dance |
| فهم fahm understanding | فهماندن fahmândan to make understand |
All intransitive verbs can have a causative form. It is made by suffixing اندن (or انیدن) to their present stem.
| Verb | Present Stem | Causative Form |
|---|---|---|
| خندیدن xandidan to laugh | خند xand | خنداندن xandândan to make laugh |
| گشتن gaštan to turn | گرد gard | گرداندن gardândan to cause to turn |
| خوردن xordan to eat | خور xor | خوراندن xorândan to cause to eat |